Biology for Class 12 (Second Year) is published by the Punjab Curriculum and Textbook Board (PCTB) and the Punjab Education, Curriculum, Training and Assessment Authority (PECTAA), Lahore. The book follows the FSC Part 2 syllabus and covers thirteen chapters from Thermoregulation to Ecology. It builds directly on the Class 11 Biology course and goes deeper into human body systems, genetics, evolution, and modern biology.
For FSC Part 2 students, this is the core Biology textbook for both board exams and MDCAT preparation. Topics like genetics, inheritance, immunity, biotechnology, and ecology are heavily tested in entry tests. The PDF is available in three editions so students can use whichever version their college follows.
Book Overview
- Class: 12 (FSC Part 2 / Second Year)
- Subject: Biology
- Category: FSC
- Board: Punjab Board (PCTB / PECTAA, Lahore)
- Total Chapters: 13 (Chapters 13–25)
- Format: PDF
Chapter List
Chapter 13 – Thermoregulation and Osmoregulation
Covers homeostatic mechanisms, feedback systems, thermoregulation strategies in animals, and osmoregulation in freshwater, marine, and terrestrial animals.
Chapter 14 – Human Urinary System
Explains the structure of the kidney, nephron function, glomerular filtration, reabsorption, urine concentration, kidney stones, dialysis, and kidney transplant.
Chapter 15 – Human Nervous System
Covers neuron structure, nerve impulse generation and transmission, synapse, brain anatomy, autonomic nervous system, sensory receptors, and effects of drugs on the nervous system.
Chapter 16 – Human Endocrine System
Explains hormones as chemical messengers, endocrine glands (pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, pancreas, adrenal, gonads), feedback mechanisms, and hormonal disorders.
Chapter 17 – Human Reproductive System
Covers the male and female reproductive systems, their structures and functions, reproductive hormones, and the menstrual cycle.
Chapter 18 – Inheritance
Explains Mendel’s laws of segregation and independent assortment, incomplete dominance, codominance, ABO blood groups, Rh factor, polygenic inheritance, gene linkage, and crossing over.
Chapter 19 – Chromosome and DNA
Covers chromosome structure, DNA as hereditary material, DNA replication, transcription, translation, protein synthesis, gene expression regulation, mutations, and chromosomal disorders.
Chapter 20 – Biotechnology
Introduces genetic engineering, restriction enzymes, recombinant plasmids, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), genetically modified organisms, and production of human insulin in bacteria.
Chapter 21 – Immunity
Covers the body’s defence mechanisms including skin barriers, inflammatory response, specific immune system, T-cells, B-cells, antibodies, vaccination, allergies, and autoimmune diseases.
Chapter 22 – Biostatistics
Introduces biostatistics and its applications in biology. Covers mean, median, mode, standard deviation, range, percentile, and designing experiments with control and variable groups.
Chapter 23 – Pharmacology
Explains drug discovery and development, classes of antibiotics (penicillins, tetracyclines, fluoroquinolones, sulfonamides), antivirals, antiretrovirals, and monoclonal antibodies.
Chapter 24 – Evolution
Covers evidence for evolution from molecular biology and biogeography, convergent and divergent evolution, endosymbiotic theory, Lamarckism, and natural selection.
Chapter 25 – Ecology
Explains ecosystems, biogeochemical cycles, water and nitrogen cycles, energy flow through trophic levels, population characteristics, greenhouse effect, and major ecosystems of Pakistan.
Download Biology 2nd Year Book PDF
Three editions are available below. Click the button for the edition you need — each opens in a new tab and is ready to read or save on any device.
PECTAA 2025–26 Edition (Latest)
⬇ Download PDF (2025–26)PCTB 2020 Edition
⬇ Download PDF (2020)E-Learn Punjab Edition
⬇ Download PDF (E-Learn Punjab)Who Should Read This
This book is for FSC Part 2 (Second Year) science students preparing for the Punjab Board annual exam. It is also essential for MDCAT preparation, as Biology from Class 12 forms a major portion of the MDCAT syllabus. Topics like inheritance, immunity, biotechnology, nervous system, and ecology are directly tested. Students aiming for medical and biological sciences programmes will find this book indispensable.
Applicable Boards
This textbook is published by PCTB/PECTAA and is used in Punjab Board colleges. Students from the Federal Board (FBISE) and AJK Board can also use it for reference, as the FSC Part 2 Biology syllabus is largely the same. Students from Sindh and KPK boards will also find most chapters relevant.
FAQs
Is this the Biology book for FSC Part 2 Punjab Board?
Yes. It is the official PCTB/PECTAA textbook for FSC Part 2 (Class 12) covering Chapters 13 to 25.
How many chapters are in Biology Class 12?
There are 13 chapters (Chapters 13 to 25), from Thermoregulation and Osmoregulation to Ecology.
Is this book useful for MDCAT preparation?
Yes. Biology Class 12 is a core part of the MDCAT syllabus. Topics like inheritance, immunity, biotechnology, nervous system, hormones, and ecology are all directly tested.
Which edition should I download?
Download the PECTAA 2025-26 edition if your college follows the latest curriculum. The PCTB 2020 edition and E-Learn Punjab edition cover the same core chapters and are useful for revision.
Can Federal Board students use this book?
Yes. The FSC Part 2 Biology syllabus is very similar for Punjab and Federal boards. Federal Board students can use this book for additional practice and reference.
Is the PDF free to download?
Yes. All three editions of the Biology Class 12 book PDF are completely free to download and read on any device.