Physics Tech Class 9 PDF Download – Punjab Board PCTB 2025-26 (Urdu & English Medium)

Class 9 Tech stream students can download the official Physics (Tech) textbook here for free. This book is published by Punjab Curriculum and Textbook Board (PCTB) and is prepared in accordance with the Updated/Revised National Curriculum of Pakistan 2023.

Physics (Tech) Class 9 is a focused version of the Physics course for Tech stream students, skipping the Nature of Science chapter found in the regular Physics book. With 8 chapters running from measurements and motion through to magnetism, it gives Tech stream students exam-ready coverage for their board paper. Both Urdu and English medium editions are available for download below.

Book Overview

Class	9th Class / Matric Part 1
Subject	Physics (Tech)
Stream	Tech (Vocational / Technical)
Board	Punjab Board (PCTB)
Author	Professor (Rtd.) Muhammad Nisar
Publisher	SNOWMAN Publishers, Lahore
Edition	2025-26 (Based on National Curriculum 2023)
Total Chapters	8
Medium	Urdu and English (both available)
Format	PDF (Free Download)

Chapter List

Chapter 1: Physical Quantities and Measurements (طبیعی مقداریں اور ان کی پیمائش)

Physical Quantities and Measurements defines physics as the study of matter, energy, space and time, and separates physical quantities (measurable, with magnitude and unit, e.g. length, mass, temperature) from non-physical ones (love, beauty). It covers the seven SI base units (metre, kilogram, second, kelvin, ampere, candela, mole) and derived units (e.g. Area = length × breadth = m²; Speed = Distance/Time = m/s), SI prefixes (milli, kilo, mega, etc.), scientific notation, three error types (human, systematic, random), significant figures, precision vs. accuracy, and rounding-off rules.

Important Questions:

• What are the seven SI base units and their symbols? Length (metre, m), mass (kilogram, kg), time (second, s), temperature (kelvin, K), electric current (ampere, A), intensity of light (candela, cd), and amount of substance (mole, mol).
• What is the difference between base and derived physical quantities? Base quantities are arbitrarily chosen fundamental quantities (like length, mass, time) not defined in terms of others; derived quantities, such as speed or density, are described using one or more base quantities.
• What are the three types of errors in measurement, and what causes them? Human (personal) errors arise from limitations in a person’s perception or technique; systematic errors occur due to a consistent flaw like zero error or poor calibration; random errors occur due to unpredictable fluctuations in conditions and are reduced by taking multiple readings and averaging.
• How do precision and accuracy differ? Precision refers to how close a group of measurements are to each other, determined by the instrument’s least count, while accuracy refers to how close a measured value is to the true or accepted value; the classic example is arrows hitting a target close together (precise) versus near the bullseye (accurate).

Chapter 2: Kinematics (کائنیٹکس)

Kinematics studies motion without reference to force, distinguishing scalars (magnitude only, e.g. distance, speed, time, mass, energy, temperature) from vectors (magnitude and direction, e.g. displacement, velocity, acceleration, force, weight), added using the head-to-tail rule. It defines average speed (v = S/t), velocity (v = d/t), acceleration (a = Δv/Δt), and covers distance-time and speed-time graphs (gradient of distance-time graph = speed; gradient of speed-time graph = acceleration; area under speed-time graph = distance covered). The three equations of motion (v_f = v_i + at; S = v_it + ½at²; 2aS = v_f² – v_i²) are applied to free fall using g = 10 m/s² (actual value 9.8 m/s²).

Important Questions:

• What is the difference between distance and displacement? Distance is the scalar length of the actual path travelled (e.g. 320 km driven from Lahore to Multan), while displacement is the vector shortest straight-line distance between initial and final positions, directed from start to finish.
• How is average acceleration calculated, and what does a negative value mean? Average acceleration = (final velocity – initial velocity)/time; a negative value indicates deceleration or retardation, meaning the object’s speed is decreasing.
• What does the gradient of a distance-time graph represent, and what does the gradient of a speed-time graph represent? The gradient of a distance-time graph equals the average speed of the body; the gradient of a speed-time graph equals the average acceleration of the body.
• A ball is dropped from a tower and takes 5 seconds to reach the ground. Find the height of the tower and its final velocity (using g = 10 m/s²). Using S = v_it + ½gt² with v_i = 0: S = 0.5 × 10 × 5² = 125 m. Using v_f = v_i + gt: v_f = 0 + 10 × 5 = 50 m/s.

Chapter 3: Dynamics (ڈائنامکس)

Dynamics deals with the forces causing motion, opening with free-body diagrams and Newton’s three laws: the first law (a body stays at rest or in uniform motion unless acted on by an external force, related to inertia, where mass measures the amount of inertia), the second law (F = ma, where 1 N produces 1 m/s² acceleration in a 1 kg mass), and the third law (action-reaction force pairs). It covers weight (w = mg) versus mass, Newton’s law of gravitation (F = Gm₁m₂/r²), gravitational field strength (g = w/m), static/kinetic/rolling friction, terminal velocity, and momentum (p = mv) with the principle of conservation of momentum (m₁v₁ + m₂v₂ = m₁v₁‘ + m₂v₂‘).

Important Questions:

• State Newton’s first law of motion and explain the concept of inertia. A body continues its state of rest or uniform motion in a straight line unless acted upon by an external force; inertia is the property of a body to resist a change in this state, and mass is the measure of an object’s inertia.
• A force of 7500 N is applied to a 3000 kg truck. What acceleration is produced? Using F = ma, a = F/m = 7500 N / 3000 kg = 2.5 m/s².
• What is terminal velocity, and why does it occur? Terminal velocity is the constant velocity a falling object reaches when the upward force of air resistance balances the downward force of gravity, after which the object stops accelerating; a real example is a paratrooper descending safely under an open parachute.
• State the principle of conservation of momentum. If no external force acts on an isolated system, the total momentum of the system before an event (such as a collision) equals the total momentum after it.

Chapter 4: Turning Effects of Force (فورس کے گھمانے کے اثرات)

Turning Effects of Force introduces like/unlike parallel forces, and the turning effect (torque) of a force, defined as moment of force = force × moment arm, with the SI unit newton-metre. It covers resolution of a force into perpendicular components, the principle of moments (sum of clockwise moments = sum of anticlockwise moments when balanced), centre of gravity and centre of mass, the two conditions of equilibrium, the three states of equilibrium (stable, unstable, neutral, illustrated using a cone on its base, tip, and side), stability improvement (lowering centre of gravity, widening base — applied to racing cars), and centripetal force (F_c = mv²/r), with real examples like a stone whirled on a string, the Moon’s orbit, and a washing machine dryer.

Important Questions:

• Define moment of a force (torque) and give its formula. Moment of a force is the product of the force and its moment arm (perpendicular distance from the axis of rotation to the line of action of the force): torque = F × l, measured in newton-metres.
• State the principle of moments. When a body is in a balanced position, the sum of clockwise moments about any point equals the sum of anticlockwise moments about that point.
• Differentiate between stable, unstable, and neutral equilibrium with examples. In stable equilibrium (e.g. a cone resting on its base), a slight tilt raises the centre of gravity and a restoring torque brings the body back; in unstable equilibrium (e.g. a cone balanced on its tip), a slight tilt lowers the centre of gravity and the body topples further; in neutral equilibrium (e.g. a cylinder lying on its side), a disturbance causes no change in the height of the centre of mass.
• A 150 g stone on a 1.2 m string is whirled in a horizontal circle at 8 m/s. Calculate the centripetal force. Using F_c = mv²/r: F_c = (0.15 kg × (8 m/s)²) / 1.2 m = 8 N.

Chapter 5: Work, Energy and Power (ورک، انرجی اور پاور)

Work, Energy and Power defines work as W = F × S (or W = FS cosθ when force acts at an angle), with the SI unit joule. Energy is the ability to do work, existing as kinetic energy (E_k = ½mv²) and potential energy (E_p = mgh), which combine as mechanical energy. The principle of conservation of energy states total energy is never created or destroyed, only transformed (illustrated via a falling body converting PE to KE). It distinguishes renewable sources (hydroelectric, solar, wind, tidal, geothermal) from non-renewable ones (fossil fuels, nuclear), and defines power (P = W/t, unit watt, 1 hp = 746 W) and percentage efficiency, noting no system reaches 100% efficiency due to energy losses like friction and heat.

Important Questions:

• State the formulas for kinetic energy and gravitational potential energy. Kinetic energy is E_k = ½mv², the energy a body has due to its motion; gravitational potential energy is E_p = mgh, the energy a body has due to its height h above the ground.
• State the principle of conservation of energy. Energy cannot be created or destroyed; it can only be transformed from one form to another, but the total amount of energy in an isolated system always remains constant.
• Give three examples each of renewable and non-renewable energy sources, and explain the difference. Renewable sources (replaced continuously and never run out) include hydroelectric, solar, and wind energy; non-renewable sources (limited and depleted with use) include fossil fuels (coal, oil, gas) and nuclear fuel.
• A block weighing 120 N is pulled up a 20 m slope with a 100 N force to a height of 10 m. Calculate the efficiency. Input work = 100 N × 20 m = 2000 J. Useful output = 120 N × 10 m = 1200 J. Efficiency = (1200/2000) × 100 = 60%.

Chapter 6: Mechanical Properties of Matter (مادے کی میکینیکل خصوصیات)

Mechanical Properties of Matter covers deformation of solids and Hooke’s Law (F = kx, where k is the spring constant, unit N/m, valid within the elastic limit), density (mass/volume, SI unit kg/m³), and pressure (P = F/A, SI unit pascal). It explains liquid pressure increasing with depth (P = ρgh), atmospheric pressure (standard value 1.013 × 10&sup5; Pa at sea level, decreasing with altitude, measured by a mercury barometer), manometers, and Pascal’s Law (pressure applied to an enclosed fluid is transmitted equally in all directions), applied to hydraulic presses, car lifts, and hydraulic brakes.

Important Questions:

• State Hooke’s Law and define the spring constant. Within the elastic limit, the extension or compression of a spring is directly proportional to the applied force, F = kx; the spring constant k = F/x measures the stiffness of the spring, with SI unit N/m.
• Define pressure and give its formula and SI unit. Pressure is the force exerted normally per unit area, P = F/A, with SI unit pascal (Pa), equal to one newton per square metre.
• How does pressure in a liquid vary with depth, and what determines it? Pressure in a liquid increases with depth according to P = ρgh; it depends on the density of the liquid and the depth of the point below the surface, not on the shape of the container.
• State Pascal’s Law and explain how it is applied in a hydraulic press. Pascal’s Law states that pressure applied at one point in an enclosed fluid is transmitted equally to every part of the fluid without loss; in a hydraulic press, a small force on a small piston creates a pressure that produces a much larger force on a larger piston, allowing heavy loads to be lifted with a small applied force.

Chapter 7: Thermal Properties of Matter (مادے کی حرارتی خصوصیات)

Thermal Properties of Matter opens with the kinetic molecular theory, explaining that solids, liquids, and gases differ in intermolecular force strength and particle motion, and introduces plasma as a fourth, ionized state of matter (found in the Sun, plasma TVs, and lightning streamers). Temperature is defined as the degree of hotness and the quantity that determines the direction of heat flow, while heat is energy in transit due to a temperature difference; internal energy is the sum of molecules’ kinetic and potential energies. It covers the three temperature scales (Celsius, Fahrenheit, Kelvin), absolute zero (-273°C), and the sensitivity, range, and linearity of thermometers.

Important Questions:

• Distinguish between heat and internal energy. Internal energy is the sum of the kinetic and potential energies of the molecules of a substance and is possessed by the body itself; heat is energy transferred from one object to another only when there is a temperature difference between them.
• What is meant by absolute zero, and what is its value? Absolute zero is the lowest possible temperature in the universe, at which the molecules of a substance have zero average kinetic energy; its value is -273°C, corresponding to 0 K.
• Convert 30°C to Fahrenheit and Kelvin. Using T_F = 9/5 × T_C + 32: T_F = 86°F. Using T_K = T_C + 273: T_K = 303 K.
• What are the sensitivity, range, and linearity of a thermometer? Sensitivity is a thermometer’s ability to detect small temperature changes; range is the span of temperatures it can measure accurately; linearity means equal scale divisions correspond to equal temperature changes across the whole range.

Chapter 8: Magnetism (مقناطیسیت)

Magnetism explains that like magnetic poles repel while unlike poles attract, and that isolated magnetic poles cannot exist — breaking a magnet always produces new pairs of N and S poles. It covers induced magnetism, the difference between temporary magnets (e.g. soft iron, electromagnets) and permanent magnets (e.g. steel, cobalt, alnico), magnetic fields and lines of force, uses of permanent magnets and electromagnets (electric bells, telephone receivers, circuit breakers, cranes, maglev trains), magnetisation methods (stroking, solenoid with the Right Hand Grip Rule) and demagnetisation (heating, hammering, alternating current), magnetic recording, and soft iron as a magnetic shield due to its high permeability.

Important Questions:

• State the rule that describes the interaction between magnetic poles, and explain why isolated poles cannot exist. Like poles repel and unlike poles attract; isolated poles cannot exist because breaking a magnet into any number of pieces always produces new complete magnets, each with its own N-pole and S-pole.
• Differentiate between temporary and permanent magnets, giving an example of each. Temporary magnets, such as soft iron or an electromagnet, only retain magnetism while in a magnetic field; permanent magnets, such as steel or alnico, retain their magnetism indefinitely once magnetised.
• Explain the Right Hand Grip Rule used for a solenoid. If the solenoid is gripped with the right hand so the fingers curl in the direction of current flow, the thumb points toward the N-pole of the magnetised bar inside the solenoid.
• Why is soft iron used to shield sensitive electronic devices from magnetic fields? Soft iron has high magnetic permeability, so when placed in a magnetic field it channels the magnetic flux through itself rather than through the enclosed device, protecting it from the external magnetic field.

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Download Physics Tech Class 9 PDF

Both Urdu and English medium editions are available below. Download the one that matches your medium.

English Medium (2025-26)

⬇ Download PDF (English Medium)

Urdu Medium (2025-26)

⬇ Download PDF (Urdu Medium)

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Who Should Read This

This book is for Class 9 Tech stream students studying Physics under Punjab Board. It covers the same core physics concepts as the regular Physics Class 9 book but in a more concise format without the Nature of Science chapter. It is well-suited for students in vocational and technical education who need a solid physics foundation.

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Applicable Boards

This PCTB textbook is used in all Punjab Board affiliated schools offering the Tech stream — Lahore Board, Faisalabad Board, Gujranwala Board, Multan Board, Rawalpindi Board, Sargodha Board, DG Khan Board, and Sahiwal Board.

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