Mathematics for Class 8 (Urdu Medium) is published by the Punjab Textbook Board (PTB) and covers 10 chapters across 133 pages. It follows the official Class 8 syllabus, moving from sets and real numbers through financial arithmetic, algebra, geometry, and statistics, with every concept explained in Urdu.
Urdu medium students often find it easier to grasp new Math topics when they are taught in their own language, and this book is built for exactly that. The chapter notes and important questions here give a quick way to revise a formula or an entire topic before the annual board exam.
Book Overview
| Class | 8 |
| Subject | Mathematics (ریاضی) |
| Medium | Urdu Medium |
| Board | Punjab Textbook Board (PTB) |
| Total Chapters | 10 |
| Total Pages | 133 |
| Format | PDF (Free Download) |
Chapter List
Chapter 1: Operations on Sets (سیٹوں پر عملیات)
This chapter introduces sets and their notations, then moves into subsets, improper subsets, and the power set of a given set. Students practise set operations, union, intersection, difference, and complement, using Venn diagrams to see how sets overlap. Real-life groupings, such as students who play cricket versus football, are used to make the idea of a set easier to picture.
Important Questions:
- What is an improper subset? When set A is a subset of B and B is also a subset of A, each is called an improper subset of the other, i.e. A = B.
- If A = {1,2,3} and B = {2,3,4}, find A ∪ B and A ∩ B. A ∪ B = {1,2,3,4} and A ∩ B = {2,3}.
- What is the complement of a set? The complement of set A, written A’, contains all elements of the universal set that are not in A.
- How many elements are in the power set of a set with n elements? A set with n elements has 2ⁿ elements in its power set.
Chapter 2: Real Numbers (حقیقی اعداد)
This chapter looks at irrational numbers, numbers that cannot be written as a simple fraction, and how they combine with rational numbers to form the set of real numbers. It explains the properties of real numbers under addition and multiplication, and shows how to tell a terminating decimal apart from a repeating one.
Important Questions:
- Convert 9/4 into a decimal. Dividing 9 by 4 gives 2.25, a terminating decimal.
- Give an example of an irrational number. √2 is an irrational number because it cannot be written as a simple fraction.
- What is the closure property of real numbers under addition? The sum of any two real numbers is always a real number.
- Is 0.333… (repeating) a rational number? Yes, repeating decimals can always be written as a fraction, so 0.333… = 1/3.
Chapter 3: Number Systems (عددی نظام)
This chapter compares the decimal, binary, and octal number systems and explains why computers rely on binary internally. Students learn to convert a number from decimal into binary or octal, and back again, using place value and successive division, with worked examples for each direction.
Important Questions:
- Convert (25)₁₀ into binary. 25 = 16+8+1 = (11001)₂.
- What base does the octal number system use? The octal system uses base 8, with digits from 0 to 7.
- Convert (17)₈ into decimal. 1×8¹+7×8⁰ = 8+7 = 15.
- Why is the binary system important in computers? Computers use binary (0s and 1s) because digital circuits work with two states, on and off.
Chapter 4: Financial Arithmetic (مالیاتی حساب)
This chapter builds practical money skills: calculating simple and compound interest, working out profit and loss on a sale, and understanding markup versus discount. Word problems based on everyday buying and selling situations are used throughout so students can connect the formulas to real transactions.
Important Questions:
- Find the simple interest on Rs. 5000 at 6% per annum for 2 years. SI = (5000×6×2)/100 = Rs. 600.
- What is the formula for compound interest? A = P(1+r/100)ⁿ, where P is principal, r is rate, and n is time in years.
- A shopkeeper buys an item for Rs. 800 and sells it for Rs. 920. Find the profit percentage. Profit = 120, Profit % = (120/800)×100 = 15%.
- What is the difference between markup and discount? Markup increases the price above cost, while discount reduces the marked price for the buyer.
Chapter 5: Polynomials (کثیر الجملہ)
This chapter introduces polynomials as algebraic expressions with whole-number exponents, and teaches how to identify the degree of a polynomial and add, subtract, or divide simple polynomial terms. Students also learn the difference between a monomial, binomial, and trinomial through labelled examples.
Important Questions:
- What is the degree of the polynomial 5x³ + 2x – 7? The degree is 3, since the highest power of x is 3.
- Add the polynomials (2x²+3x) and (x²-x+4). (2x²+3x) + (x²-x+4) = 3x²+2x+4.
- What is a binomial? A polynomial with exactly two terms, such as x+5, is called a binomial.
- Divide 6x² by 2x. 6x² ÷ 2x = 3x.
Chapter 6: Factorization, Simultaneous Equations (تجزیہ اور بیک وقت مساوات)
This chapter teaches how to break an algebraic expression into its factors using common formulas, and how to solve two equations with two unknowns at the same time. Elimination and substitution are both covered, with step-by-step examples showing how to check that a solution satisfies both equations.
Important Questions:
- Factorize x² – 9. x² – 9 = (x+3)(x-3), using the difference of squares.
- Solve the simultaneous equations x+y=7 and x-y=3. Adding both equations: 2x=10, so x=5, and y=2.
- Factorize x² + 7x + 12. x²+7x+12 = (x+3)(x+4).
- What method is used to solve equations by elimination? Add or subtract the equations to eliminate one variable, then solve for the other.
Chapter 7: Fundamentals of Geometry (ہندسہ کی بنیادی باتیں)
This chapter covers the basic building blocks of geometry: points, lines, rays, and angles, along with how angles are classified and measured. Complementary and supplementary angle pairs are explained with diagrams so students can quickly spot them in later geometry problems.
Important Questions:
- What is a supplementary angle? Two angles are supplementary if their sum is 180°.
- Define a line segment. A line segment is a part of a line with two fixed endpoints.
- What is a complementary angle? Two angles are complementary if their sum is 90°.
- How many degrees are in a straight angle? A straight angle measures 180°.
Chapter 8: Practical Geometry (عملی ہندسہ)
This chapter is hands-on: students use a ruler, compass, and protractor to construct triangles and parallelograms to exact measurements. It also explains the triangle inequality rule, which decides whether a triangle with given side lengths can actually be drawn.
Important Questions:
- What tools are needed to construct a triangle? A ruler, compass, and protractor are the basic tools used in geometric construction.
- Can a triangle be constructed with sides 3cm, 4cm, and 8cm? No, because the sum of the two smaller sides (3+4=7) must be greater than the third side (8), which it is not.
- What is the first step in constructing a parallelogram? Draw one side of known length, then construct the adjacent angle using a protractor.
- Why is practical geometry included in the syllabus? It develops accuracy and hands-on skills in drawing shapes to exact measurements.
Chapter 9: Areas and Volumes (رقبے اور حجم)
This chapter applies Hero’s Formula to find the area of a triangle when only the three side lengths are known, and covers the volume of common 3D shapes like cubes and cylinders. Worked examples use real measurements so students see exactly where each number in the formula comes from.
Important Questions:
- Find the area of a triangle with sides 14cm, 21cm, and 25cm using Hero’s Formula. With s = (14+21+25)/2 = 30, the area is √(30×16×9×5) = 90 cm².
- Find the volume of a cube with side 5cm. Volume = side³ = 5×5×5 = 125 cm³.
- What is the formula for the volume of a cylinder? Volume = πr²h, where r is the radius and h is the height.
- Find the area of a circle with radius 7cm (π=22/7). Area = 22/7×7×7 = 154 cm².
Chapter 10: Information Handling (معلومات کی ترتیب)
This chapter shows how to organise raw data into a frequency table and read it back using bar graphs and pie charts. It also explains the range of a data set alongside the more familiar mean, median, and mode, so students can describe a data set in more than one way.
Important Questions:
- What is the frequency distribution of the marks 3, 5, 7, 10, 7, 9, 3, 7, 5, 4, 6, 8, 7, 5, 2? The mark 7 occurs most often, with a frequency of 4, followed by 5 with a frequency of 3.
- What is a bar graph used for? A bar graph is used to compare data visually using rectangular bars of different heights or lengths.
- Define range in statistics. Range is the difference between the highest and lowest values in a data set.
- What does a pie chart represent? A pie chart represents data as slices of a circle, showing each category’s proportion of the whole.
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⬇ Download PDFWho Should Read This
This textbook is for Class 8 students who study Mathematics in Urdu medium under the Punjab Textbook Board. It suits students who learn new concepts more easily in Urdu, and it is a solid revision tool while preparing for the annual board exam.
Applicable Boards
This textbook is published by Punjab Textbook Board (PTB) and is taught in all Punjab Board affiliated Urdu medium schools. Students from Federal Board and other provincial boards studying in Urdu medium can also use it, since the Class 8 Math topics are largely the same.
FAQs
Is this the Urdu medium version of Class 8 Mathematics?
Yes, this page has the complete Urdu medium Mathematics textbook for Class 8, published by the Punjab Textbook Board, covering all 10 chapters of the current syllabus.
Can English medium students use this book too?
This edition is written in Urdu, so English medium students should instead download the English medium version, linked in the Related Books section below.
Is this the latest PTB edition?
Yes, this is the current Punjab Textbook Board edition for Class 8 Mathematics Urdu medium.
Does this PDF include solved exercises?
The chapter summaries and important questions on this page are for quick revision; the full solved exercises and examples are inside the downloadable PDF.
How many chapters does this book have?
The book has 10 chapters, from Operations on Sets through Information Handling, spread across 133 pages.
Is this book useful for board exam preparation?
Yes, it follows the official PTB syllabus, so it directly matches what is tested in the Class 8 annual board exam.