Italaqi Barqiat Class 7 PDF Download – Punjab Board (PCTB)

Italaqi Barqiat (Applied Electricity) for Class 7 is the official practical/skills textbook published by the Punjab Curriculum and Textbook Board (PCTB), Lahore, in Urdu medium. It is part of the official syllabus for Class 7 students and is built entirely around 19 hands-on practical jobs, from basic electric-shock first aid to full household wiring circuits, instead of regular theory chapters.

For Class 7 students taking this elective, each job pairs a real workshop exercise with short questions at the end, so this page breaks down every job with a clear explanation and its own set of important questions. It is a useful way to revise the practical steps and underlying concepts, such as series and parallel circuits or how a fuse works, before a practical exam or viva.

Book Overview

Class	7
Subject	Italaqi Barqiat (Applied/Practical Electricity)
Board	Punjab Board (PCTB, Lahore)
Total Jobs	19
Total Pages	80
Medium	Urdu
Format	PDF (Free Download)

Job List

Job 1: Treatment of Electric Shock (برقی صدمے کا علاج)

This job teaches emergency first aid for someone who has touched a live wire or appliance. The first step is always to switch off the main switch to cut current flow; if that is too far away, the victim must be pulled free using dry wood or dry cloth, never bare hands, and never letting any part of the rescuer’s body touch the victim. It then covers the two hand methods of artificial respiration to use while waiting for a doctor, and the safety precautions and first-aid box contents every workshop or home should keep ready.

Important Questions:

• What is the first thing to do if someone is stuck to a live wire? Switch off the main switch immediately to stop the current flow.
• How do you free a person from a live wire if the main switch is far away? Pull the wire away using dry wood, or pull the person free using dry cloth, without letting your own body touch them.
• What should be done if the affected person is unconscious but breathing? Loosen their collar and belt, sprinkle a little water on the face, let fresh air reach them, and let them smell ammonia spirit.
• Why should a thicker wire never replace a fuse wire? A thicker wire will not melt in time, so the circuit’s wires overheat and can catch fire before the fault is cleared.

Job 2: Magnetic Field around a Solenoid (سولی نائٹ کے گرد مقناطیسی فیلڈ)

Students wind enamelled copper wire in close turns around a wooden roll to build a solenoid, then connect its ends through a switch to a dry cell. Turning the switch on and sprinkling iron filings around the coil reveals a magnetic pattern just like a bar magnet, and bringing a compass needle near each end identifies the north and south poles. Reversing the direction of current flow through the coil reverses which end becomes which pole.

Important Questions:

• What is a solenoid? A coil formed by winding a conducting wire closely in turns, which becomes a magnet when current passes through it.
• Does a solenoid’s magnetism depend on the type of wire used? No, it depends only on the current passing through the coil, not the nature of the wire itself.
• How is the polarity of a solenoid determined? By observing the direction of current flow in the coil viewed from one end, or by using a compass needle near its ends.
• What happens to a solenoid’s magnetism once current stops? It loses its magnetism immediately, since a solenoid is only a temporary magnet.

Job 3: Magnetic Field with an Iron Core in the Coil (کوئل کے اندر فولادی سالخ)

Building on Job 2, students place a soft iron rod inside a current-carrying coil and compare the resulting iron-filing pattern to that of the coil alone. The rod becomes an electromagnet with poles matching the coil’s own polarity, and the combined coil-and-iron magnet is noticeably stronger than the coil by itself. The job also introduces different types of coil cores, including air, ferrite rod, and stacked iron laminations used in transformers.

Important Questions:

• What happens when a soft iron rod is placed inside a current-carrying coil? Both the coil and the iron rod become magnets, with the iron rod’s poles matching the coil’s polarity.
• Which is stronger: a coil alone, or a coil with an iron core? A coil with an iron core produces a stronger magnet than the coil alone.
• What is this type of temporary magnet called? An electromagnet, since it only stays magnetic while current flows through the coil.
• What is a coil’s core, and name one type used in a transformer? The material placed inside a coil to strengthen its field; a transformer typically uses stacked iron laminations as its core.

Job 4: Study of the Series Circuit (سلسلہ دار سرکٹ کا مطالعہ)

Students wire five bulb holders end to end into a series circuit, then observe that removing any one bulb breaks the circuit and switches off every other bulb. Reducing the number of cells from four to three to two shows the bulbs growing dimmer as potential difference drops, and the job introduces the voltmeter, connected in parallel to measure potential difference, and the ammeter, connected in series to measure current.

Important Questions:

• What happens if one bulb is removed from a series circuit? The circuit breaks completely and none of the bulbs stay lit.
• What happens to bulb brightness as the number of cells is reduced? Brightness decreases as fewer cells are used, since the potential difference drops.
• How is a voltmeter connected in a circuit? In parallel, across the two points where the potential difference needs to be measured.
• How is an ammeter connected in a circuit? Always in series, so the full circuit current passes through it.

Job 5: Study of the Parallel Circuit (متوازی سرکٹ کا مطالعہ)

Three bulb holders are wired so that all their matching terminals join at two common points, forming a parallel circuit, and students observe that removing one bulb has no effect on the brightness of the others. Adding more cells increases the current shown on the ammeter, while the voltmeter reading across the bulbs stays the same regardless of how many bulbs are connected in parallel. The job closes by comparing series and parallel circuits directly on current, potential difference, and the effect of a failed bulb.

Important Questions:

• What happens if one bulb fails in a parallel circuit? The other bulbs keep glowing normally, since each has its own separate path for current.
• Does adding more bulbs in parallel change the voltage across them? No, the voltage across parallel-connected bulbs stays constant no matter how many are added.
• How is current shared in a parallel circuit? The current from the source splits at the common junction, dividing among the parallel branches.
• What is the key difference between series and parallel circuits? In series, one current flows through all bulbs and a break stops everything; in parallel, each bulb gets its own current and a break in one does not affect the rest.

Job 6: Wiring of a Bulb, Switch and Fuse (ایک بلب، ایک سوئچ اور فیوز کا وائرنگ)

This job wires a complete circuit where the neutral wire runs directly to the bulb while the live wire passes through the fuse and switch first. Students learn that fuse wire is a special high-resistance, low-melting-point wire that heats up and breaks the circuit if current rises to a dangerous level, protecting costlier appliances from damage. The job ends with a chart of standard electrical symbols used to draw wiring diagrams, including switches, sockets, coils, bells and earth connections.

Important Questions:

• In this wiring circuit, which wire goes directly to the bulb? The neutral wire connects directly to the bulb holder.
• What path does the live wire take to reach the bulb? It passes through the fuse and the switch before reaching the bulb holder.
• What are the properties of fuse wire? High resistance and a low melting point, so it heats up and melts quickly if current exceeds a safe level.
• Why does a circuit break when the fuse melts? The fuse wire is connected in series, so once it melts the path for current is cut off completely.

Job 7: Table Lamp Wiring (ٹیبل لیمپ کی وائرنگ)

Students mount a bulb holder on a wooden table-lamp base, fit a push-button switch into the stem, and wire flexible twin wire from the holder through the switch to a two-pin plug. Testing the lamp involves pressing the push button to turn the bulb on and off. The job also surveys common switch types used in household wiring: knife switches, main switches, single-way switches, pull-chain switches, push-button switches, and bell push switches.

Important Questions:

• What type of switch does a table lamp normally use? A push-button switch, usually fitted into the lamp’s stem.
• Where is a pull-chain switch typically used? On appliances mounted high on a wall or ceiling, such as exhaust fans or decorative lights.
• What is a main switch used for? To control the electricity supply to an entire house from the meter.
• How does a bell-push switch work? Pressing it completes the circuit, and releasing it breaks the circuit again.

Job 8: Observation of Batten Wiring Materials (بیٹن وائرنگ میں استعمال ہونے والا سامان)

This job identifies the materials used in batten wiring: wooden battens fixed to the wall with rawl plugs, wiring clips that hold casing wires flat against the batten, wooden boards and round blocks that carry switches and holders, and PVC-insulated casing wire in single and double strands. It also covers more switch types beyond Job 7, including dimmer, two-way, intermediate, rotary and micro switches, plus the flexible wire grades used for bulbs, appliances and heavy motors.

Important Questions:

• What is a wiring clip used for? It is nailed onto the batten at set distances to hold the casing wires firmly in place.
• What is a dimmer switch used for? Turning its knob one way brightens a bulb, and the other way makes it dimmer.
• Where are intermediate switches used? Where a bulb or appliance needs to be controlled from three or more separate locations.
• Why is an iron’s supply wire covered in a cotton braid? Because a hot iron could melt an ordinary plastic-covered wire, so a cotton braid gives extra heat resistance.

Job 9: Identification and Use of Wiring Tools (وائرنگ میں استعمال ہونے والے اوزاروں کی شناخت)

This job covers the fittings and hand tools used throughout wiring work: rawl plugs for fixing battens to walls, switches, two-pin and three-pin sockets, bulb holders, ceiling roses, clips and nails. It then introduces the tools themselves, including the hacksaw, pliers with an insulated grip and built-in cutter, screwdrivers with plastic handles for safety, wood chisel, gimlet, folding rule, hand drill, and the electric drill used for making holes in walls.

Important Questions:

• Why do pliers have plastic or rubber-covered handles? Because the metal jaws are electrical conductors, so the covered handles protect the user from shock.
• Why do screwdrivers have plastic handles? To protect the person doing electrical work from receiving a shock through the handle.
• What is a gimlet used for? Marking and starting holes in wood, such as for fitting wiring clips onto a batten.
• What is an electric drill used for in wiring work? Making holes in walls during wiring installation.

Job 10: Wiring — Controlling One Bulb with One Switch (وائرنگ، ایک بلب کا ایک سوئچ سے کنٹرول)

This is the main hands-on batten-wiring build: cutting round wooden blocks with grooves for the bulb holder, switch and fuse holder, mounting them on a board at measured distances, running batten between them, fixing wiring clips, and finally connecting all the wires from the battery through the fuse and switch to the bulb holder. Once wired, students switch the circuit on and off and observe the bulb responding correctly.

Important Questions:

• What are the round blocks used for in this wiring job? They hold the bulb holder, switch, and fuse holder in fixed positions on the board.
• What is batten used for between the round blocks? Carrying the wiring, held down by wiring clips, between the bulb holder, switch, and fuse holder positions.
• In what order does current pass through this circuit? From the battery’s positive terminal through the fuse and switch to the bulb, and back to the negative terminal.
• How do you confirm the wiring is correct? Turn the switch on and check that the bulb lights up.

Job 11: Circuit of Two Lamps and Switches (دو لیمپوں اور سوئچوں کا سرکٹ)

This job wires two bulbs in parallel, each with its own independent switch, and demonstrates that switching them on separately or together produces no change in brightness for either bulb. It also introduces the four main wiring systems: batten wiring, casing-capping wiring, conduit wiring, and cleat wiring, comparing their cost, durability, and how easily faults can be traced in each. The job explains why homes always use parallel wiring: a fault or blown bulb in one branch does not affect the others, and every appliance gets the same voltage.

Important Questions:

• What are the four main wiring systems mentioned in this job? Batten wiring, casing-capping wiring, conduit wiring, and cleat wiring.
• Why is casing-capping wiring rarely used today? Because it is expensive compared to other wiring methods.
• Why do homes always use parallel wiring for bulbs and appliances? Because each device can be switched independently, and a fault in one does not affect the others, while every device still receives full voltage.
• What happens to voltage across two bulbs wired in series compared to parallel? In series the voltage is shared between the bulbs, while in parallel each bulb gets the full supply voltage.

Job 12: Preparation of a Test Board (ٹیسٹ بورڈ کی تیاری)

Students build a simple test board using a single-way switch, bulb holder, and a 6-volt battery, with two free test leads coming out of it. Touching these leads to the two terminals of any wired appliance and switching the board on lights the bulb if the appliance’s circuit is complete, or leaves it dark if there is a break somewhere inside. This test board becomes the standard tool used in later jobs to check wiring before connecting it to a live supply.

Important Questions:

• What does it mean if the test board’s bulb lights up when checking an appliance? The appliance’s internal circuit is complete and continuous.
• What does it mean if the bulb does not light up during testing? There is a break or fault somewhere in the appliance’s wiring.
• What parts make up a basic test board? A single-way switch, a bulb holder with bulb, a battery, and two free test leads.
• Why is a test board used before connecting wiring to a live supply? To confirm the wiring is correct and safe before risking a fault on the actual power supply.

Job 13: Parallel Circuit of a Lamp and Two-Pin Socket (ایک لیمپ اور دو پن ساکٹ کا متوازی سرکٹ)

This job wires a bulb holder and a two-pin socket in parallel, each controlled by its own switch, so the bulb and the socket can be turned on independently of each other. Students then plug a test lamp into the socket to confirm it works correctly, learning that a socket’s wiring is checked the same way any other appliance’s continuity is tested. The job explains that the socket’s job is to supply power to other devices plugged into it, separate from the bulb circuit.

Important Questions:

• How are the bulb and socket connected in this circuit? In parallel, each with its own separate switch.
• How is a socket tested in this job? By plugging a test lamp into it and switching its circuit on to see if the test lamp lights up.
• What is the purpose of a socket in household wiring? To supply power to other devices that are plugged into it.
• Does turning on the bulb’s switch affect the socket? No, since the socket has its own independent switch and circuit.

Job 14: Wiring of an Electric Bell (برقی گھنٹی کی وائرنگ)

Students wire a push-button in series with an electric bell so that pressing the button rings the bell and releasing it stops the sound. The job explains the bell’s working: current through a coil around two soft iron bars turns them into an electromagnet that pulls a spring-mounted hammer forward, breaking its own contact and striking the bell, which then springs back, remakes contact, and repeats the cycle rapidly for as long as the button stays pressed.

Important Questions:

• What principle does an electric bell work on? Electromagnetism, using a coil that magnetises a soft iron bar when current flows through it.
• Why is a push-button used instead of a regular switch for a bell? A push-button only completes the circuit while pressed, matching how a bell is meant to ring only briefly.
• Why does the bell’s hammer keep striking repeatedly while the button is held? The hammer’s own movement breaks the circuit each time it strikes, the spring pulls it back to remake contact, and the cycle repeats continuously.
• If pressing the button produces no sound, what does that suggest? There is a fault somewhere in the bell’s wiring or connections that needs to be checked with a test lamp.

Job 15: Controlling One Bulb from Two Places (ایک بلب کو دو جگہ سے کنٹرول کرنا)

This staircase-style circuit uses two-way switches, which look like ordinary switches from outside but have four terminals inside instead of two, allowing the same bulb to be switched on or off from either end of a staircase. One two-way switch is fitted near the bottom of the stairs and another near the top, and the job also revisits socket testing with a test lamp as part of the wiring check.

Important Questions:

• How many terminals does a two-way switch have? Four terminals, unlike an ordinary switch’s two.
• Where are two-way switches commonly used? Staircases and bathrooms located between two rooms, where a bulb needs control from two separate points.
• How many two-way switches does a staircase circuit need? Two, one at the bottom of the stairs and one at the top.
• Can either two-way switch turn the bulb on or off regardless of the other’s position? Yes, that is exactly the purpose of the two-way switch arrangement.

Job 16: Tube Light Circuit (ٹیوب لائٹ کا سرکٹ)

Students wire a complete tube-light circuit in series: one wire runs directly to the tube holder while the other passes through the fuse, switch and choke to the opposite holder, with the starter wired separately across the tube’s two ends. The job explains that a tube’s filaments release electrons that strike gas atoms inside the glass tube, and the fluorescent coating on the tube’s walls converts this into visible light, giving more light for less power than an ordinary bulb, while the starter briefly acts as an automatic switch to get the process going.

Important Questions:

• Is the tube-light circuit series or parallel? Series, with the choke, switch and fuse all in the same current path as the tube.
• What role does the starter play? It acts as an automatic switch that briefly lets current heat the tube’s filaments before the tube lights up.
• Why does a tube give more light while using less electricity than a bulb? Its fluorescent coating converts the electron-gas collisions into light more efficiently than a bulb’s heated filament.
• What is a choke, and why is it used? A coil with low resistance and high inductance that lets steady current through while limiting the surge of alternating current to the tube.

Job 17: Observation of PVC Wiring Materials (پی وی سی وائرنگ کے سامان کا مشاہدہ)

This job identifies the components used in PVC conduit wiring: PVC pipes that carry and protect the wires, junction boxes where wires from different directions are connected, T-pieces for right-angle branch connections, elbows for 90-degree bends, bends for gentler turns, sockets for joining pipe sections, and saddles that clip the pipe to the wall. PVC-insulated copper wire runs through these pipes, keeping the wiring hidden and protected from damage.

Important Questions:

• What is a junction box used for in PVC wiring? Joining wires that come from or go to different directions inside a protected box.
• What is the difference between a T-piece and an elbow? A T-piece branches a pipe at a right angle, while an elbow simply turns the pipe through 90 degrees.
• What is a saddle used for? Holding and fixing the wiring pipe against the wall.
• Why are wires run inside PVC pipes rather than left exposed? The pipes protect the wires from outside damage and keep the wiring hidden and tidy.

Job 18: Circuit of One Bulb and One Switch, PVC Wiring (ایک بلب اور ایک سوئچ کا سرکٹ)

This job builds a complete bulb-and-switch circuit using PVC conduit wiring: fitting junction boxes for the bulb holder and switch, running PVC pipe between them with elbows, threading PVC wire through with the help of a fish wire, and connecting everything to the battery. Before making the final connection, students test the wiring’s continuity using the test board built in Job 12, then connect it live and confirm the bulb switches on and off correctly.

Important Questions:

• What is used to pull wires through PVC pipes? A thin iron fish wire is passed through the pipe first, then the insulated wire is tied to it and pulled through.
• Why is the wiring tested with a test board before connecting it to the battery? To confirm the circuit is complete and free of faults before risking a live connection.
• Which terminal is connected to the wire going directly to the bulb holder? The negative terminal of the battery.
• Where are PVC conduit-type junction boxes typically used? Mainly in homes, where the pipes and boxes are hidden inside the wall.

Job 19: Circuit of Two Lamps, One Socket and One Ceiling Rose (دو لیمپ، ایک ساکٹ اور ایک سیلنگ روز کا سرکٹ)

This final job combines everything from earlier jobs into one larger installation: two bulbs, a socket, and a ceiling rose, each wired with its own independent switch using the PVC conduit method from Job 18. Since all four loads are wired in parallel, any one of them can be switched on or off without affecting the others, exactly matching how a real household circuit is arranged. The job also explains the ceiling rose’s role in safely connecting a hanging light fitting to the mains supply.

Important Questions:

• How many switches does this circuit use, and why? Four separate switches, one each for the two bulbs, the socket, and the ceiling rose, so each can be controlled independently.
• Is this circuit series or parallel? Parallel, since each load has its own path and switch.
• What is a ceiling rose used for? Connecting a hanging light fitting, such as a lamp or tube light, safely to the mains supply.
• What method of wiring is used to build this circuit? PVC conduit wiring, following the same steps introduced in Job 18.

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Who Should Read This

This book is for Class 7 students following the Punjab Board (PCTB) syllabus who take Italaqi Barqiat as an elective. It is especially useful for students preparing for the practical exam or viva, since it walks through every job’s apparatus, procedure and key questions.

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Applicable Boards

This book is published mainly for Punjab Board (PCTB) Class 7 students. Students from other boards offering a similar practical electricity elective can also use it as a reference.

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