Biology Tech Class 9 Urdu Medium PDF Download – Punjab Board (PCTB)

Biology Tech Class 9 Urdu Medium is the official PCTB textbook for 9th class students in the Tech (vocational/technical) stream, based on the Revised National Curriculum of Pakistan 2023. Punjab Curriculum and Textbook Board ne yeh shorter, focused biology course khaas Tech stream ke talaba ke liye tayyar kiya hai, jo regular pre-medical Biology syllabus se alag hai.

Is page par har chapter ka Urdu aur English dono unwan diya gaya hai, sath hi aik mukhtasar khulasa aur short-answer sawalat bhi. Tech stream ke talaba Punjab Board ke annual exam ki tayyari ke liye is page se jaldi revision kar saktay hain.

Book Overview

Subject	Biology Tech
Class	9th Class / Matric Part 1
Board	Punjab Curriculum and Textbook Board (PCTB)
Medium	Urdu
Stream	Tech (Vocational / Technical)
Total Chapters	9 (فرہنگ/Glossary ke sath)
Edition	2025-26 (National Curriculum 2023)
Format	PDF (Free Download)

Chapter List

Chapter 1: The Science of Biology (بائیولوجی کی سائنس)

Yeh chapter Biology ki teen major fields — Zoology, Botany, aur Microbiology — ke ilawa iske kai sub-branches bhi mutaraf karta hai, jaise Morphology (surat o saakht ka mutalya), Anatomy (jismani andaruni saakht), Histology (tissues ka khurdbeeni mutalya), Palaeontology (fossils ka mutalya), Marine Biology, Immunology, aur Pharmacology. Sath hi Biology mein career ke mawaqe aur scientific method ke marahil bhi bataye gaye hain.

Important Questions:

• Palaeontology kis cheez ka mutalya karti hai? Fossils (qadeem baqiyaat) ka, jin se organisms ki evolutionary history maloom hoti hai.
• Histology kis cheez ka khurdbeeni mutalya hai? Tissues ka, jo disease diagnosis aur drug studies mein madadgar hoti hai.
• Immunology mein kya parha jata hai? Jism ke immune system ke ajza aur bimariyon ke khilaf iska kirdar, jis se vaccines banane mein madad milti hai.
• Pharmacology kis cheez ka mutalya hai? Dawaon (drugs) aur jism par un ke asraat ka, jis se nayi dawaiyan banane mein madad milti hai.

Chapter 2: Biodiversity (بائوڈائیورسٹی)

Yeh chapter biodiversity ki ahmiyat par focus karta hai — ecosystem ka balance, climate regulation, natural resources jaise khurak aur dawaiyan, aur agriculture o tourism jaisi industries ko economic faida. Sath hi classification ke maqasid (organisms mein mushabihat aur farq ka taeen karna, evolutionary relationships samajhna) aur classification ke fawaid bhi bataye gaye hain.

Important Questions:

• Biodiversity ecosystem stability mein kaise madad karti hai? Carbon cycle aur nitrogen cycle jaisay biogeochemical cycles mein aham kirdar ada karke, ecosystems ka balance qaim rakhti hai.
• Classification ke do bunyadi maqasid kya hain? Organisms mein mushabihat aur farq maloom karna, aur unke darmiyan evolutionary relationships samajhna.
• Kuch log biodiversity ki qadar kin bunyadon par karte hain? Sirf insani faide ki wajah se nahi, balke aesthetic (khoobsurti) aur akhlaqi (moral) bunyadon par bhi.
• Classification kis tarah biologists ki madad karti hai? Aik common zaban faraham karke, jis se duniya bhar ke biologists asani se aik doosray se organisms ke baare mein baat kar sakein.

Chapter 3: The Cell (سیل)

Yeh chapter cell ko aik “chotay shehar” se tashbeeh deta hai, jahan mukhtalif hisse energy banane, saman transport karne, aur fuzool maddon ko khatam karne ka kaam karte hain jabke nucleus shehar ki hakoomat ki tarah tamam kaamon ki hidayat karta hai. Ismein prokaryotic aur eukaryotic cells ka farq, cell membrane ki composition (proteins, lipids, aur cholesterol), aur mukhtalif organisms (algae, bacteria, fungi) ki cell wall ki saakht bhi bayan ki gayi hai.

Important Questions:

• Prokaryotic aur eukaryotic cells mein kya farq hai? Prokaryotic cells sadaa hotay hain aur membrane-bound organelles nahi rakhtay, jabke eukaryotic cells pechida hotay hain aur membrane-bound organelles rakhtay hain.
• Cell membrane mein cholesterol ka kya kirdar hai? Yeh lipid bilayer ke andaruni hisse se juri hoti hai; aksar bacteria ki membranes mein cholesterol mojood nahi hoti.
• Fungi ki cell wall kis maddy se bani hoti hai? Chitin se.
• Plasmodesmata kya hain? Cell wall mein moujood chotay raastay (channels) jo paas paas ke cells ke darmiyan molecules ka tabadla mumkin banatay hain.

Chapter 4: Cell Cycle (سیل سائیکل)

Yeh chapter mitosis ke charon marahil — prophase, metaphase, anaphase, aur telophase — tafseel se bayan karta hai, sath hi mitosis mein kabhi kabhi hone wali ghaltiyon ka bhi zikr karta hai jo tumors (benign ya malignant/cancer) ki soorat ikhtiyar kar sakti hain. Yeh meiosis ki bhi wazahat karta hai, jise 1876 mein German biologist Oscar Hertwig ne dariyaft kiya tha, jis mein chromosomes aadha hone ke liye synapsis, tetrad, aur crossing over jaisay amal hotay hain.

Important Questions:

• Metaphase ke doran kya hota hai? Chromosomes spindle fibres se jur kar cell ke equator par “metaphase plate” banatay hain.
• Meiosis kis ne aur kab dariyaft ki? German biologist Oscar Hertwig ne, 1876 mein.
• Crossing over kya hai? Homologous chromosomes ke non-sister chromatids ke darmiyan genetic material ka tabadla, jo prophase-I mein chiasmata par hota hai.
• Malignant tumor kya hota hai? Aik aisa tumor jo apni jagah se phail kar doosray tissues ko mutasir kar de, jise cancer bhi kaha jata hai.

Chapter 5: Tissues, Organs, and Organ Systems (ٹشوز، آرگنز اور آرگن سسٹمز)

Yeh chapter maidy (stomach) ko aik organ ki misal ki tarah tafseel se samjhata hai — iski epithelial tissue (jo mucus aur gastric juice banati hai), connective tissue, teen tehon wali muscle tissue, aur outer connective tissue. Pattay (leaf) ki spongy mesophyll aur vascular tissue (xylem aur phloem) ka kirdar bhi is chapter mein shamil hai.

Important Questions:

• Maidy ki epithelial tissue kya kaam karti hai? Mucus banati hai jo tezaab (acid) se hifazat karta hai, aur gastric juice banati hai jismein protein hazam karne wala enzyme pepsinogen aur hydrochloric acid shamil hote hain.
• Maidy ki muscle tissue ki teen tehain kya hain? Bahar wali longitudinal layer, darmiyani circular layer, aur andar wali oblique layer.
• Pattay ki spongy mesophyll ka kaam kya hai? Isme cells kay darmiyan khali jagah hoti hai jo gases ke diffusion mein madad deti hai.
• Pattay ki vascular tissue mein kaunsi do tissues shamil hain? Xylem aur phloem — xylem pani aur nutrients laata hai jabke phloem photosynthesis se bany sugars ko le jata hai.

Chapter 6: Enzymes (اینزائمز)

Yeh chapter batata hai ke enzymes proteins hote hain jinme aam taur par 100 se 1000 amino acids hotay hain, aur inki globular saakht active sites banati hai. Kuch RNA molecules bhi enzyme ki tarah kaam karte hain jinhe ribozyme kaha jata hai. Enzymes ko intracellular aur extracellular mein taqseem kiya jata hai, aur inka istemal khurak, kaghaz (paper), aur fermentation industries mein hota hai.

Important Questions:

• Ribozyme kya hai? Aik RNA molecule jo enzyme ki tarah kaam karta hai, jo aksar ribosome mein paya jata hai.
• Intracellular aur extracellular enzymes mein farq batayein. Intracellular enzymes cell ke andar kaam karte hain; extracellular enzymes cell se bahar khaarij hotay hain, jaise maidy ki deewaron se khaarij hone wale hazm karne wale enzymes.
• Kaghaz (paper) industry mein enzymes ka kya kaam hai? Starch ko toor kar iski viscosity kam karte hain, jis se kaghaz banana asaan ho jata hai.
• Fermentation industry mein enzymes kya karte hain? Starch aur proteins ko toor kar simple sugars, amino acids, aur peptides banatay hain jo microorganisms (jaise yeast) istemal karte hain.

Chapter 7: Bioenergetics (بائوانرجیٹکس)

Yeh chapter photosynthesis ki dark reactions (Calvin cycle, jise Melvin Calvin ne dariyaft kiya) ki wazahat karta hai, aur phir cellular respiration ke teen marahil — glycolysis, Krebs cycle (jise British scientist Sir Hans Krebs ne dariyaft kiya), aur electron transport chain — bayan karta hai. Anaerobic respiration (fermentation) ka bhi zikr hai, jismein bacteria aur yeast sharaab (alcoholic) fermentation aur insani muscles lactic acid fermentation karte hain.

Important Questions:

• Calvin cycle kis ne dariyaft ki? Melvin Calvin ne, jismein carbon dioxide ko glucose banane ke liye reduce kiya jata hai.
• Glycolysis kahan hoti hai aur kya banati hai? Cytoplasm mein, jahan glucose (6-carbon) toot kar pyruvic acid ke do molecules (3-carbon) banata hai, sath do ATP aur do NADH bhi bantay hain.
• Krebs cycle kis ne dariyaft ki? British scientist Sir Hans Krebs ne, mitochondria ke matrix mein hone wale reactions ki soorat mein.
• Lactic acid fermentation kahan hoti hai? Insanon aur doosray janwaron ke skeletal muscles mein, jab oxygen ki supply kaafi nahi hoti, jaise mushqat (exercise) ke doran.

Chapter 8: Plant Physiology (پودوں کی فزیالوجی)

Yeh chapter batata hai ke guard cells din ke waqt potassium ions le kar turgid ho jati hain jis se stoma khulta hai, aur shaam ko glucose kam hone se stoma band ho jata hai. Isme transpirational pull ka mechanism, khurak ki transport ka “pressure flow mechanism” (source se sink tak), aur paudon ki mukhtalif habitats ke mutabiq osmotic adjustments — mesophytes, hydrophytes, xerophytes, aur halophytes — bhi shamil hain.

Important Questions:

• Guard cells din ke waqt stoma kaise kholti hain? Active transport se potassium ions le kar turgid ho jati hain, jis se stoma khul jata hai.
• Pressure flow mechanism kya hai? Woh tareeqa jis se phloem mein ghula hua khurak “source” (jaise pattay) se “sink” (jaise jarien aur badhtay hue tanay) tak behta hai.
• Xerophytes registani (dry) mahol mein kaise zinda rehte hain? Gehri jarien, kam stomata, moti waxy cuticle, aur kuch (jaise Cactus) apne succulent stems mein pani zakhira karte hain.
• Halophytes namkeen mahol mein kaise survive karte hain? Bahar se namak jazb kar ke apne jism ko hypertonic bana lete hain, taake pani bahar na nikal sake.

Chapter 9: Reproduction in Plants (پودوں میں ری پروڌکشن)

Yeh aakhri chapter cutting (jaise roses aur grapevines) aur grafting (jaise almond, plum, cherry) ke zariye artificial propagation ki tafseel deta hai, sath hi vegetative propagation ke fawaid aur nuqsanaat bhi bataye gaye hain. Sexual reproduction ke hisse mein phool ke chaar hisse — calyx, corolla, androecium, aur gynoecium — aur angiosperm ki life cycle (megaspore/embryo sac aur microspore/pollen ki nashonuma) mutaraf ki gayi hai.

Important Questions:

• Grafting kya hai, misal dijiye? Do paudon ke hison ko jorna, jis se do paudon ki achi khoobiyan mil jati hain — almond, plum, aur cherry jaisay commercial fruit trees isi tareeqay se ugaye jate hain.
• Vegetative propagation ka aik nuqsaan batayein. Sab offspring genetically aik jaisay hote hain, is liye woh sab aik hi bimari ya mahol ki tabdeeli se mutasir ho saktay hain.
• Phool ki androecium whorl kis se bani hoti hai? Stamens se, jinme anther aur filament shamil hote hain, aur anther pollen banata hai.
• Angiosperm ki female gametophyte (embryo sac) kaise banti hai? Ovule ka diploid megaspore mother cell meiosis se guzar kar chaar haploid megaspores banata hai; sirf aik zinda rehta hai aur mitosis se embryo sac banata hai.

Kitab ke aakhir mein aik Farhang (Glossary) bhi shamil hai jo tamam 9 chapters ki mushkil biology terms ki wazahat karti hai.

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2025-26 Edition (PCTB – National Curriculum 2023)

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Who Should Read This

Yeh kitab un 9th class Tech stream students ke liye hai jo Urdu medium mein Biology parhte hain aur Punjab Board se affiliated hain. Yeh regular pre-medical Biology course se chota aur zyada focused course hai, khaas taur par vocational aur technical education ke talaba ke liye tayyar kiya gaya hai.

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Applicable Boards

Yeh kitab PCTB dwara shaya ki jati hai aur Punjab bhar ke tamam boards se affiliated schools mein Tech stream ke liye parhai jati hai, jin mein Lahore se le kar DG Khan tak ke zilay shamil hain.

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